De jure - Latin, meaning "in law." Something that exists by operation of law.⏎
En banc - French, meaning "on the bench." All judges of an appellate court sitting together to hear a case, as opposed to the routine disposition by panels of three judges. In the Ninth Circuit, an en banc panel consists of 11 randomly selected judges.⏎
Claim - A creditor's assertion of a right to payment from a debtor or the debtor's property.⏎
Defendant - An individual (or business) against whom a lawsuit is filed.⏎
De facto - Latin, meaning "in fact" or "actually." Something that exists in fact but not as a matter of law.